Trait Theory and Brand Personality Framework - 1679 Words

This paper discusses about Trait Theory and Brand Personality Framework in personality. Details of the two theories will be explained first, along with some real examples of how firms make use of personality traits to strengthen their brands. The shortcomings of the two existing theories will then be analyzed, and some measures developed by recent researchers will be introduced in order to overcome the weaknesses. I chose this topic because I am interested in psychology and personality traits. Many personality tests usually try to figure out interviewee’s personalities by asking questions regarding their behavior. This topic has a similar concept, but it is inversely about how marketers use personality theories to predict consumer’s†¦show more content†¦As a result, the framework does not generalize to situations in which analyses at the individual brand level and/or situations in which consumers are an element of differentiation. Because the latter is the top ic of a majority of practitioners’ research, this is a serious boundary condition. The third one regards the non-replicability of the five factors cross-culturally (Azoulay Kapferer, 2003). For example, Aaker et al. (2001) found that only three of the five factors (Sincerity, Excitement, and Sophistication) applied in Spain. Peacefulness replaced Ruggedness and Passion replaced Competence. In Japan four of the five factors emerged, in which Peacefulness again replaced Ruggedness. This discrepancy led some researchers to construct a country-specific brand personality scale. For examples, Bosnjak et al. (2007) developed a German scale, Milas and MlaÄ ić (2007) a Croatian one, and Smit, van den Berge and Franzen (2002) a Dutch one. In response to the above weaknesses, a new brand personality measure has recently been developed by some researchers to alleviate the problem. It consists of twelve items and five factors: Activity, Responsibility, Aggressiveness, Simplicity, and Emotionality. The new measure proved to be more reliable forShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Self Congruity And Multifactorial Gender Identity Essay1684 Words   |  7 PagesResearch suggests that as time goes on, more products are becoming gendered and fewer domains remain undifferentiated (Fugate Phillips, 2010), and that once a brand has an established brand gender is it increasingly difficult to open to new audiences without alienating the current targeted market (Debevec Iyer, 1986). 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Corporation (Fisch) Outline Penn Law Essay - 62808 Words

Table of Contents I.) INTRODUCTORY PRINCIPLES 2 A.) Efficiency and Other Concepts 2 B.) Agency and Partnership Law 2 II.) INTRODUCTION TO THE CORPORATE FORM 16 A.) Formation and Structure 16 B.) Debt, Equity, and Valuation 22 III.) CONTROL OF CORPORATE DECISIONS 32 A.) The Role of the Shareholder 32 B.) Management Obligations 50 1.) Duty of Care 51 2.) Duty of Loyalty 56 3.) Duty of Fairness: Parent-Subsidiary Relationships 63 4.) Duty of Good Faith 64 5.) Management Obligations Under Federal Securities Laws 67 C.) Shareholder Litigation 76 IV.) Structural Changes 85 A.) Transactions in Control 85 B.) Mergers and Acquisitions 86 1.) Mergers 87 2.) Sale of Assets 93 3.) Asset Purchase or Tender Offer 94 C.)†¦show more content†¦o Voluntary exchange is a prerequisite o Weakness: there is a societal imbalance in the distribution of resources, and it is virtually impossible for courts/legislatures to make important decisions that do not make someone worse off ââ€" ª Kaldor-Hicks Efficiency: (Business law model) *Increases aggregate well-being* Fairness model †¢ An act/rule is efficient (leads to overall improvement in social welfare) if at least one party would gain from it after all those who suffered a loss as a result of the transaction or policy were fully compensated (but those who suffer do not actually have to be compensated). o Wealth-maximization model that takes externalities into account. Potential improvement (not actual payment) is required. o Weakness: doesn’t speak to legitimacy of initial distribution of wealth; ignores the actual distributional consequences of policies and difficulty of accurately measuring external effects. †¢ Theories of the Firm o Coase Theorem: A firm exists because, in a world of positive transaction costs, it is sometimes more efficient to organize

Change and the World Changes for You free essay sample

OPPapers. com Research Papers and Essays for All †¢ Join †¢ Login †¢ Writing Service †¢ Help †¢ Question? 888-442-7499 †¢ Follow Us on Twitter †¢ Join †¢ †¢ Top of Form [pic] Bottom of Form Get Better Grades Today By Joining OPPapers. com and Accessing Over 470,000 Articles and Essays! get better grades Change And The World Changes For You †¢ Home Page » †¢ Miscellaneous Research Papers Change And The World Changes For You CHANGE AND THE WORLD CHANGES FOR YOU! The famous social worker THE MAHATMA of our country said a famous adage BE THE CHANGE THAT YOU WISH TO SEE IN THE WORLD for us to adhere. Change is not going to come if we wait for some other person, or if we are waiting for some other time we are the ones for whom we were waiting for, we are the change that we seek. One man is enough to cause a revolution in the world; MAHATMA abridged his thoughts in a single adage. We will write a custom essay sample on Change and the World Changes for You or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Being a normal person one can become MAHATMA in life which not only be an acme for there life but also for this world. Mother Teresa said I alone cannot change the world but can cast a stone which can cause many ripples in the water†, even one contribution can lead this world a step further towards success. Each an every person in this world thinks adrift towards Is this essay helpful? Join OPPapers to read more and access more than 470,000 just like it! get  better  grades world but not with a new hope and aim which the world needs. The coming generation plays a crucial role in changing the world for a better leaving for which we need to make a change in the environment. The coming generation should be a dynamo to make a change in this world. No matter from where we are and what we do but we can always change and become a better version of our self. A tiny change today can make a dramatically change tomorrow. Each and every person in this world needs to pass through uncomfortable Tran sessions to place this world in a better position. Meanings 1. Adage proverb or saying 2. Adhere abide 3. Abridge to shorten by using for fewer words 4. Acme the highest point of achievement 5. Adrift aimless 6. dynamo- a very energetic person Read Full Essay Already a Member? Login Now  » This essay and over 470,000 other essays are available now on OPPapers. com. Submitted by: farha15 †¢ Date Submitted: 08/25/2011 07:01 AM †¢ Category: Miscellaneous †¢ Length: 2 pages (303 words) †¢ Views: 244 †¢ Rank: 480 †¢ Report this Essay †¢ Save Paper †¢ †¢ Related Essays †¢ b. f Skinners Waldo Two †¢ Women Who Changed The †¢ The Power Of One: One †¢ How Did World War 2 Change The †¢ The Changing World Of Women †¢ Climate Change And World †¢ How Did World War One †¢ Japan Changes From †¢ Wwi-Wwii Events That †¢ How The Hippies Changed †¢ How Our World Is Changing †¢ These Teachers Change The Literacy In An Ever †¢ Pope John Xxiii: a Partner †¢ Changing The World †¢ Brave New World As Huxley †¢ Tesla And Iter Will Change †¢ Printing Press And a †¢ 5. Technology Changes The †¢ What Were The Causes And †¢ The Impact Of Information †¢ Climate Change, Coral †¢ Changes In The Working †¢ How Changes In Technology †¢ How To Change The World †¢ Internet: Technology Which †¢ Death Of a Salesman And †¢ How Did The First World †¢ How Does Cranes Explain †¢ Realism Vs. Idealism: How Read Full Essay Already a Member? Login Now  » Reviews (0) Grade No grades Be the first person to evaluate the essay! Login to grade this document. RSS  ©2011 OPPapers. com Help †¢ About Us †¢ Our Blog †¢ F. A. Q. †¢ Contact Us Other Stuff †¢ Legal †¢ Site Stats †¢ Sitemap Saved Papers Save papers so you can find them more easily! Join Now Get instant access to over 470,000 papers. Join Now Recent Topics †¢ Segmentation Of †¢ Discuss The †¢ Leisure Time †¢ Electronic Media †¢ Management Function †¢ The Absurd Thomas Nagel

Social Interactionism of Charles Tilly Social Psychology

Questions: 1. What is/are the research question(s) addressed in this study? (Note: remember that this is a question and should end in a question mark.) 2. What is/are the research hypothesis/hypotheses in this study? (Note: remember that this is/are the proposed answer(s) to the question(s).) 3. Who/what are the participants in this study?(Note: remember to include the number of participants, who/what they were, and information on how they were recruited to participate.) 4. What materials were used to gather data? (Note: remember to include the names and citations of surveys if they were used, as well as detailed information on any other materials,) 5. What was the procedure used in this study?(Note: remember to provide detailed information about what the participants actually experienced.) 6. What was/were the researcher(s) conclusions? (Note: remember to compare these results to what the researcher(s) originally hypothesized.) 7. What is/are the implication(s) of this study? (Note: remember to include your opinion of why these findings are important.) 8. What is a methodological strength of this study? (Note: remember to include strengths of the way the study was conducted, not something great about what the researchers found.) 9. What is a methodological limitation of this study? (Note: remember to include limitations of the way the study was conducted, not something problematic about what the researchers found.) 10. If you were to follow-up this research, what question would you choose to address? Answers: 1. What is/are the research question(s) addressed in this study? The research questions addressed in this study are: Are the police officers influenced by the racial biasness in dealing with criminals? Can the biasness be eliminated by repeated exposure to computer simulation? 2. What is/are the research hypothesis/hypotheses in this study? The research hypotheses are: Police officers responses to criminal suspects are influenced by the suspects race The racial biasness can be overcome by training and computer simulation 3. Who/what are the participants in this study?(Note: remember to include the number of participants, who/what they were, and information on how they were recruited to participate.) The participants in the study are 50 certified sworn law-enforcement personnel in the state of Florida. There were 83% male and the rest were females. Among the males there were 84% White, 10% Black, 2% Native Americans and 4% Hispanic. The average age of the participants were 37 years and out of the 50 respondents there were, two of the officer made very few valid responses and thus the study was conducted on 48 participants. 4. What materials were used to gather data? In order to test the hypotheses, computer simulation was used. This simulation was used previously at a study by Plant et al. the programme uses a Inquisit software that instructed the participants to follow certain guidelines and instructions. The program presented to the participants with digital color photographs of nine Black and nine White males of college standard; they were selected from a set of pictures matched for attractiveness. A picture of a gun or a neutral object (e.g., wallet, cell phone), formatted to be equivalent in size and background, was superimposed on each of the faces. The gun or other object was positioned with the face still visible, but the location varied so that participants could not predict where the object would appear. Two stimuli were created for each face, one with a gun and one with a neutral object (Collins, 2010). On each trial, the computer program randomly selected one of the pictures and displayed it on the screen. So that the program would be challenging, the picture randomly appeared toward the top, middle, or bottom of the screen and toward the right, center, or left of the screen. Each picture appeared on screen until the participant responded or until the 630-ms time limit elap sed. When a participant did not make a correct decision (i.e., hit the wrong key or exceeded the time limit), an error message appeared on screen for a full second. Each participant completed 20 practice trials and 160 test trials. 5. What was the procedure used in this study? The procedure that was carried was that the officers were asked to meet the experiments individually in the private offices at headquarter of the departments. They were asked to sit at a desk with laptops in the front ('Social Psychology Quarterly: Article Index to Volume 74: 2011', 2011). They were told that the study was about the decisions to shoot and how the different factors influence the decision to shoot. The participants read the consent form and they agreed to participate in the simulation. They did not sign the forms as the anonymity was to be kept ensured. The experimenter provided the instructions to the participants regarding the computer simulation, and the participants did their task. After the simulation was over, participants were debriefed about the experiment and thanked for their participation. 6. What was/were the researcher(s) conclusions? The aim of this study that was hypothesized was to demonstrate that racial biases in responses to criminal suspects. It was seen that although it was present among some police officers, it was not inevitable and can be overcome with training on a computer simulation in which race is non diagnostic. 7. What is/are the implication(s) of this study? (Note: remember to include your opinion of why these findings are important.) Theses implications are important as because the decision of the police regarding shooting of the criminal based on the racial biasness could be understood. It was seen that they mistakenly shot the black suspects more than the white suspects in the early trial, but it was corrected after the simulation (Correll, Park, Judd Wittenbrink, 2002). It was seen that unlike much of the previous work that demonstrated the existence of racial biases in the decisions to shoot and in weapon identification, the current study is heartening and indicates that, although such biases exist in police officers responses to computer simulations, they are not inevitable and may be eliminated. 8. What is a methodological strength of this study? The methodological strength of the study was that to find whether the performance of the participants in the simulation task revealed less bias on the later trials than the earlier trials, it was split into two parts. The responses of the trails of the first half were compared to the responses of the second half. The error scores were submitted to a formula: 2 (race of suspect: Black vs. White) * 2 (object: gun vs. neutral) * 2 (trial: early vs. late) Then the object ANOVA was conducted for the early as well as the late trials 9. What is a methodological limitation of this study? The limitations were that the sample sizes small and it does not represent the whole police force. Thus there remains the problem that the racial discrimination can exist among the police. Moreover they were not tested regularly in order to check their progress. 10. If you were to follow-up this research, what question would you choose to address? It is hoped that is that the current work will provides a critical first step towards the understanding of the factors that influence and also eliminate the racial biases in police officers responses to the criminal suspects (Kelley, 2000). There is a question that can be raised is that the simulation can make the policemen sort out the difference of the biasness, but whether it will have a long lasting effect on them? References Collins, R. (2010). The Contentious Social Interactionism of Charles Tilly. Social Psychology Quarterly. doi:10.1177/0190272509359616 Correll, J., Park, B., Judd, C., Wittenbrink, B. (2002). The police officer's dilemma: Using ethnicity to disambiguate potentially threatening individuals. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 83(6), 1314-1329. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.83.6.1314 Kelley, H. (2000). The Proper Study of Social Psychology. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(1), 3. doi:10.2307/2695877 Social Psychology Quarterly: Article Index to Volume 74: 2011. (2011). Social Psychology Quarterly, 74(4), 441-442. doi:10.1177/0190272511427896

50 Great Argumentative Essay Topics for Any Assignment

50 Great Argumentative Essay Topics for Any Assignment SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips At some point, you’re going to be asked to write an argumentative essay. An argumentative essay is exactly what it sounds like- an essay in which you’ll be making an argument, using examples and research to back up your point. But not all argumentative essay topics are created equal. Not only do you have to structure your essay right to have a good impact on the reader, but even your choice of subject can impact how readers feel about your work. In this article, we’ll cover the basics of writing argumentative essays, including what argumentative essays are, how to write a good one, and how to pick a topic that works for you. Then check out a list of argumentative essay ideas to help you get started. What Is an Argumentative Essay? An argumentative essay is one that makes an argument through research. These essays take a position and support it through evidence, but, unlike many other kinds of essays, they are interested in expressing a specific argument supported by research and evidence. A good argumentative essay will be based on established or new research rather than only on your thoughts and feelings. Imagine that you’re trying to get your parents to raise your allowance, and you can offer one of two arguments in your favor: You should raise my allowance because I want you to. You should raise my allowance because I’ve been taking on more chores without complaining. The first argument is based entirely in feelings without any factual backup, whereas the second is based on evidence that can be proven. Your parents are more likely to respond positively to the second argument because it demonstrates that you have done something to earn the increased allowance. Similarly, a well-researched and reasoned argument will show readers that your point has a basis in fact, not just feelings. The standard five-paragraph essay is common in writing argumentative essays, but it’s not the only way to write one. An argumentative essay is typically written in one of two formats, the Toulmin model or the Rogerian model. The Toulmin model is the most common, comprised of an introduction with a claim (otherwise known as a thesis), with data to support it. This style of essay will also include rebuttals, helping to strengthen your argument by anticipating counterarguments. The Rogerian model analyzes two sides of an argument and reaches a conclusion after weighing the strengths and weaknesses of each. Both essay styles rely on well-reasoned logic and supporting evidence to prove a point, just in two different ways. The important thing to note about argumentative essays as opposed to other kinds of essays is that they aim to argue a specific point rather than to explain something or to tell a story. While they may have some things in common with analytical essays, the primary difference is in their objective- an argumentative essay aims to convince someone of something, whereas an analytical essay contextualizes a topic with research. If all goes well, your essay could be in a book like this! What Makes a Good Argumentative Essay? To write an effective argumentative essay, you need to know what a good one looks like. In addition to a solid structure, you’ll need an argument, a strong thesis, and solid research. An Argument Unlike other forms of essays, you are trying to convince your reader of something. You’re not just teaching them a concept or demonstrating an idea- you’re constructing an argument to change the readers’ thinking. You’ll need to develop a good argument, which encompasses not just your main point, but also all the pieces that make it up. Think beyond what you are saying and include how you’re saying it. How will you take an idea and turn it into a complex and well thought out argument that is capable of changing somebody’s mind? A Strong Thesis The thesis is the core of your argument. What specific message are you trying to get across? State that message in one sentence, and that will be your thesis. This is the foundation on which your essay is built, so it needs to be strong and well-reasoned. You need to be able to expand on it with facts and sources, not just feelings. Research A good argumentative essay isn’t just based on your individual thoughts, but research. That can be citing sources and other arguments or it can mean direct research in the field, depending on what your argument is and the context in which you are arguing it. Be prepared to back your thesis up with reporting from scientific journals, newspapers, or other forms of research. Having well-researched sources will help support your argument better than hearsay or assumptions. If you can’t find enough research to back up your point, it’s worth reconsidering your thesis or conducting original research, if possible. How to Come Up With an Argumentative Essay Topic Sometimes you may find yourself arguing things you don’t necessarily believe. That’s totally fine- you don’t actually have to wholeheartedly believe in what you’re arguing in order to construct a compelling argument. However, if you have free choice of topic, it’s a good idea to pick something you feel strongly about. There are two key components to a good argumentative essay: a strong stance, and an assortment of evidence. If you’re interested and feel passionate about the topic you choose,you'll have an easier time findingevidence to supportit, but it's the evidence that's most important. So, to choose a topic, think about things you feel strongly about, whether positively or negatively. You can make a list of ideas and narrow those down to a handful of things, then expand on those ideas with a few potential points you want to hit on. For example, say you’re trying to decide whether you should write about how your neighborhood should ban weed killer, that your school’s lunch should be free for all students, or that the school day should be cut by one hour. To decide between these ideas, you can make a list of three to five points for each that cover the different evidence you could use to support each point. For the weed killer ban, you could say that weed killer has been proven to have adverse impacts on bees, that there are simple, natural alternatives, and that weeds aren’t actually bad to have around. For the free lunch idea, you could suggest that some students have to go hungry because they can’t afford lunch, that funds could be diverted from other places to support free lunch, and that other items, like chips or pizza, could be sold to help make up lost revenue. And for the school day length example, you could argue that teenagers generally don’t get enough sleep, that you have too much homework and not enough time to do it, and that teenagers don’t spend enough time with their families. You might find as you make these lists that some of them are stronger than others. The more evidence you have and the stronger you feel that that evidence is, the better the topic. Of course, if you feel that one topic may have more evidence but you’d rather not write about it, it’s okay to pickanother topic instead. When you’re making arguments, it can be much easier to find strong points and evidence if you feel passionate aboutour topic than if you don't. 50 Argumentative Essay Topic Ideas If you’re struggling to come up with topics on your own, read through this list of argumentative essay topics to help get you started! Science Should fracking be legal? Should parents be able to modify their unborn children? Do GMOs help or harm people? Should vaccinations be required for students to attend public school? Should world governments get involved in addressing climate change? Technology Should Facebook be allowed to collect data from its users? Should self-driving cars be legal? Is it ethical to replace human workers with automation? Should there be laws against using cell phones while driving? Has the internet positively or negatively impacted human society? Sports Should college athletes be paid for being on sports teams? Should coaches and players make the same amount of money? Should sports be segregated by gender? Should the concept of designated hitters in baseball be abolished? Should US sports take soccer more seriously? Religion Should religious organizations have to pay taxes? Should religious clubs be allowed in schools? Should â€Å"one nation under God† be in the pledge of allegiance? Should religion be taught in schools? Should clergy be allowed to marry? Health Should minors be able to purchase birth control without parental consent? Should the US switch to single-payer healthcare? Should assisted suicide be legal? Should dietary supplements and weight loss items like teas be allowed to advertise through influencers? Should doctors be allowed to promote medicines? Government/Politics Is the electoral college an effective system for modern America? Should Puerto Rico become a state? Should voter registration be automatic? Should people in prison be allowed to vote? Should Supreme Court justices be elected? Ethics Should sex work be legalized? Should Columbus Day be replaced with Indigenous Peoples’ Day? Should the death penalty be legal? Should animal testing be allowed? Should drug possession be decriminalized? Economic Should unpaid internships be legal? Should minimum wage be increased? Should monopolies be allowed? Is universal basic income a good idea? Should corporations have a higher or lower tax rate? Education Are school uniforms a good idea? Should PE affect a student’s grades? Should college be free? Should Greek life in colleges be abolished? Should students be taught comprehensive sex ed? Arts/Culture Should graffiti be considered art or vandalism? Should books with objectionable words be banned? Should content on YouTube be better regulated? Is art education important? Should art and music sharing online be allowed? Speaking from authority is great for enhancing your argument- as is being a cat. How to Argue Effectively A strong argument isn’t just about having a good point. If you can’t support that point well, your argument falls apart. One of the most important things you can do in writing a strong argumentative essay is organizing well. Your essay should have a distinct beginning, middle, and end, better known as the introduction, body and opposition, and conclusion. This example follows the Toulmin model- if your essay follows the Rogerian model, the same basic premise is true, but your thesis will instead propose two conflicting viewpoints that will be resolved through evidence in the body, with your conclusion choosing the stronger of the two arguments. Introduction Hook Your hook should draw the reader’s interest immediately. Questions are a common way of getting interest, as well as evocative language or a strong statistic Background Don’t assume that your audience is already familiar with your topic. Give them some background information, such as a brief history of the issue or some additional context. Thesis Your thesis is the crux of your argument. In an argumentative essay, your thesis should be clearly outlined so that readers know exactly what point you’ll be making. Don’t explain all your evidence in the opening, but do take a strong stance and make it clear what you’ll be discussing. Body Claims Your claims are the ideas you’ll use to support your thesis. For example, if you’re writing about how your neighborhood shouldn’t use weed killer, your claim might be that it’s bad for the environment. But you can’t just say that on its own- you need evidence to support it. Evidence Evidence is the backbone of your argument. This can be things you glean from scientific studies, newspaper articles, or your own research. You might cite a study that says that weed killer has an adverse effect on bees, or a newspaper article that discusses how one town eliminated weed killer and saw an increase in water quality. These kinds of hard evidence support your point with demonstrable facts, strengthening your argument. Opposition In your essay, you want to think about how the opposition would respond to your claims and respond to them. Don’t pick the weakest arguments, either- figure out what other people are saying and respond to those arguments with clearly reasoned arguments. Demonstrating that you not only understand the opposition’s point, but that your argument is strong enough to withstand it, is one of the key pieces to a successful argumentative essay. Conclusion Conclusions are a place to clearly restate your original point, because doing so will remind readers exactly what you’re arguing and show them how well you’ve argued that point. Summarize your main claims by restating them, though you don’t need to bring up the evidence again. This helps remind readers of everything you’ve said throughout the essay. End by suggesting a picture of a world in which your argument and action are ignored. This increases the impact of your argument and leaves a lasting impression on the reader. Key Tips A strong argumentative essay is one with good structure and a strong argument, but there are a few other things you can keep in mind to further strengthen yourpoint. Focus When you’re crafting an argument, it can be easy to get distracted by all the information and complications in your argument. It’s important to stay focused- be clear in your thesis andhone in on claims that directly support that thesis. Be Rational It’s important that your claims and evidence be based in facts, not just opinion. That’s why it’s important to use reliable sources based in science and reporting- otherwise, it’s easy for people to debunk your arguments. Don’t rely solely on your feelings about the topic. If you can’t back a claim up with real evidence, it leaves room for counterarguments you may not anticipate. Make sure that you can support everything you say with clear and concrete evidence, and your claims will be a lot stronger! What’s Next? No matter what kind of essay you're writing, a strong plan will help you have a bigger impact. This guide to writing a college essay is a great way to get started on your essay organizing journey! Brushing up on your essay format knowledge to prep for the SAT? Check out this list of SAT essay prompts to help you kickstart your studying! A bunch of great essay examples can help you aspire to greatness, but bad essays can also be a warning for what not to do. This guide to bad college essays will help youbetter understand common mistakes to avoid in essay writing! Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Melissa Brinks About the Author Melissa Brinks graduated from the University of Washington in 2014 with a Bachelor's in English with a creative writing emphasis. She has spent several years tutoring K-12 students in many subjects, including in SAT prep, to help them prepare for their college education. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Investment in International Portfolios

Investment in International Portfolios The global economical conditions have drawn attention of investors in international investments. Investors are often found to be anxious about investment (domestically or internationally). This is because of the economical and political instability in many countries. This issue has become one of the major highlight of the investing sector (Chong, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Investment in International Portfolios specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The question that has gained attention is whether the investment shall be done in a diversified international portfolio or a diversified domestic portfolio. (Maginn Tuttle, 2010) This discussion will cover advantages and disadvantages of investing in both international and domestic portfolios. According to many authors the international portfolio gives better opportunity for investment. Therefore, it is useful to analyze preferences for an international portfolio o ver a domestic portfolio. Historical reviews reveal that scholars have preferred investment in international portfolios as compared to domestic portfolios (Hagin, 2004). According to researches, the investment in globally diversified portfolios minimizes risks. On the other hand, investment risks in the domestic portfolios are relatively high (Chong, 2004). This is because of the reason that an international portfolio earns a higher rate of return as compared to a domestic portfolio with the same level of risks (Maginn Tuttle, 2010). Due to poor market performance and global economical conditions investors are found to be more inclined towards investing internationally (Maginn Tuttle, 2010). Factors that have made investors more attracted towards making international investments are economical stability, tax reduction, and gains from foreign exchange rates, etc. (Hagin, 2004). Whereas, some scholars argue that diversified domestic investment portfolios are more beneficial. Accordi ng to them, international diversified portfolios pull out cash flow of the country (Chong, 2004). Therefore, investment in a domestic portfolio should be made (Maginn Tuttle, 2010). However, risks involving the domestic investment are higher if local economical and political conditions are instable. For the purpose, investors seek international investments as they are considered more secured. Analyzing the information, it can be concluded that diversified international portfolios are more secure investments as compared to investments in the domestic portfolio. Investors are more inclined towards investing in the sector having higher rate of return and involves minimum risks. International portfolio provides a platform for the investors to invest in any leading international markets. It further allows Investors to invest in markets having higher rates of return (Hagin, 2004). Investors in countries with instable economic and political situation can also avail the opportunity to inve st in international portfolios. Countries like Greece, Spain, and Cyprus etc which are undergoing economic crises could deter investors from investing in the domestic market as the performance of the domestic market is declining due to the poor conditions (Maginn Tuttle, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, investors can invest in the international market after evaluating the efficiency of the market (Chong, 2004). The other main significance of investing in internal portfolios is the benefit arising from changes in exchange rates. Investors from countries with lower currency rates can invest in markets having higher currency rates (Maginn Tuttle, 2010). Positive fluctuations in the exchange rates allow investors to earn more. However, this is not always the case and changes in the exchange rates may result in a loss as well. Therefore, the investor should be careful while investing. The main three aspects that shall be carefully determined by investors are market risk, interest-rate risk and credit risk. Performance of the international portfolio reflects efficient performance and risk management in those markets. Reference List Chong, Y. Y. (2004). Investment Risk Management. Wiltshire: John Wiley Sons. Hagin, R. L. (2004). Investment Management: Portfolio Diversification, Risk, and TimingFact and Fiction. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Maginn, J. L., Tuttle, D. L. (2010). Managing Investment Portfolios: A Dynamic Process. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons.

Human R Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human R - Essay Example I took up the management degree as I believed that obtaining a degree in management would widen my career choices. A degree in management will always be useful as it forms the core of any given organization. I have served as a Healthcare administrator for one year during my industrial apprentice program during which I gained a lot of exposure to healthcare management and truly realized the vital role played by the human resource team in hospitals and other medical organizations. The opportunity also helped me hone my leadership and organizational skills and the ability to handle work pressure. In addition the training also markedly improved my skills in communication, patient advocacy and other related areas which I believe is an important necessity for any human resources personal. Thus with this experience I am confident that I would be able to contribute well to the human resource team in an healthcare organization. Management of the medical fraternity, patient requirements, insurance and other related medical facilities is a highly demanding job. The human resource team plays an important link between all these players and hence forms the core of the organization. Building positive relations with the medical community, patients as well as their families will only strengthen relationships among colleagues and between doctors and their patients. Hence this course will enable me to broaden my understanding about management of human resources which would enable me to contribute significantly in my future jobs and career. I hope to gain a better focus in my career and also equip myself with all the core concepts regarding human resource management. I have come to understand that managing human resources requires tremendous communication skills, ability to tactfully handle issues especially those concerning the patient and also strive to maintain a